Product Survey Project Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Product Survey Project - Case Study Example The chosen hardware should be able to effectively work in harmony with the required software or soft wares to produce optimum results. The software should be capable of handling all the commands and tasks assigned with high quality design deliverance capabilities (Chen, 2006). This is a detailed documentation of acquiring IT products for an architectural firm. The preferred computer manufacturer is Hewlett-Packard. The 8gb random access memory acts as main memory where application soft wares and programs data are temporarily stored during processing. Architectural design software require high ram value i.e. 8gb high ram value reflects on the computers capability to handle memory demanding software with high graphics requirements The 750 GB hard disk purpose is storage function, its large volume helps store voluminous information that is vital to the organization and for installing many softwares (Chen, 2006). The 21inch monitor displays the design information relayed to it by the video card in the CPU. A larger monitor translates into a wider display which is a vital aspect in architectural design where detail is an essential element. The reason for the 3D printer is that is that it provides simulations that are near real and gives client a clear picture of how developed designs are likely to be when projects are executed. .web camera is to facilitate conferencing with different department without necessarily having to convene in single location (Crnkovic & Asklund, 2003). The reason for the scanner is to expedite conversion of adopted architectural design images to soft copies for storage digitally or for further developments. A design graphic card enables relaying of detailed graphics to the monitor from the central processing unit. The reason for the D-link is to facilitate the connections of all the stations in firm. The external hard disk is for securely storing vital firm information that may

Romeo and Juliet experience disaster Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet experience disaster Essay Romeo and Juliet experience disaster in their lives partially due to inadequate parenting. Examine how well each parent/carer copes with his/her role. Romeo and Juliet were left in a predicament where they felt forced to commit suicide partially due to inadequate parenting from both families and ended up being supported by other caring adults. Romeo and Juliet could not be with each other in an environment full of hatred caused by the feud between the Montague and Capulets. Romeo and Juliets inadequate parenting made them feel unwanted. Adequate parenting is when the parent nurtures, communicates, listens and loves their child. If their natural parents had nurtured and cared for Romeo and Juliet their tragedy would have just led to them just staying with each other. This then led them to ask for guidance from the Friar and the Nurse. The Nurse and Friar tried to do what Romeo and Juliets parents could not do which was to nurture and care for them by giving them comfort and love from their elderly wisdom, this is what gave Romeo and Juliet the hope of freedom. The Nurse is one of the main carers for Juliet as her parents were not able to communicate well with Juliet. The Nurse is the only alternative for Juliet to have comfort from apart from the Friar who she also goes for comfort from. for the gentlewoman is young and therefore, if you should deal double with her, truly it were and ill thing and very weak dealing The support the Nurse was giving to Juliet made her feel that the there is someone there for her to support and look after her in situations where she needs the Nurse the most, by telling Romeo not to chat on her. Throughout the life of Juliet the Nurse was the only person who had shown some affection and love towards her, and was the main person who gave her motherly love, which should have come from the parents. The nurse was the one who was telling all the stories about Juliet as a child that helped them to have a great partnership with each other, For then she could stand high-lone; nay, by throod, She could have run and waddled all about. When Juliet was young the Nurse was telling her stories of when she was able to walk and move about on her own, Juliet was very interested, as she wanted to know what she was like as a youth which gave Juliet the comfort of love from the Nurse. Other signs of close bond between Juliet and the Nurse is the way both of them talk to each other, which is in a far less formal manner compared to the way Juliet talks with her mother. The Nurse is the one who sets up a meeting between Romeo and Juliet even though she knows Romeo is a Montague. This shows her loyalty toward Juliet and knows this will be the right move. But you shall bear the burden soon at night The Nurse has taken the responsibilities of getting Juliet and Romeo together as she knows it is dangerous and could lead to her losing her job but she does this for the happiness of Juliet. As the marriage of Romeo and Juliet got more and more complicated to control the Nurse could not handle the situation and ended up abandoning Juliet when she most needed the support of the wise Nurse, she advices I think it best you marry with the County. As the Nurse could not handle the situation she ended up backing Lady Capulet by suggesting she should marry Paris even though she knew Juliet was married to Romeo. At this point Juliet lost her trust in the Nurse and was left on her own as Romeo was banished. This led Juliet to go to the Friar to get some help, as it was the last hope for her to be with Romeo. Everyone respects Friar Lawrence as he gives careful advice and is the head of the church. He is the main carer for Romeo, as he has no support from his parents and do not understand what he wants. The Friar and Romeo have a great amount of communication between each other as Romeo comes to him when he needs help and the Friar is the only one who could help. For this alliance may so happy prove, to tour your households rancour to pure love. Friar Lawrence understands that Romeo loves Juliet and he will help them to get married as he feels it is right and the love they have is pure and not based on marrying for money. The Friar is the one who marries Romeo and Juliet as he feels their love will survive in the world of violence with the feud of the two families. For by your leaves, you shall not stay alone Till Holy Church incorporate two in one The marriage of Romeo and Juliet was done in secret and only the Friar and the Nurse knew about it. Both Romeo and Juliet trusted the Friar not tell anyone about the marriage. The Friar has given guidance to Romeo since the two of them met with each other. Romeo trusts that his guidance is right and is well meaning, as the Friar is the head of the church, Thy love did read by rote, that could not spell. The Friar gave Romeo advice to help him to survive with Juliet. If they love passionately is it bad for them; Romeo must understand these words of the Friar. When Romeo was left in such a predicament he was forced to go and live in Mantua, Juliet was left on her own as the Nurse betrayed her. The only hope for her was the Friar, Hold daughter, I do spy a kind of hope, Which craves as desperate an execution as that is desperate which would prevent. Juliet had to trust the Friar as it was the last chance for her to survive and she had to put her fate in his hands. She has this trust, as she knows he could help. The Friar had made a plan as a last minute action to keep Romeo and Juliet together as he knows how much they love each other and need each other to survive in this world. The plan consisted of many stages and must be followed exactly and if anything were wrong then would lead to the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. Hold, get you gone, be strong and prosperous In this resolve; Ill send a friar with speed To Mantua, with my letter to thy lord. The last part of the plan is to get the letter to Romeo telling him all about the plan. The friar had taken a parental role of helping these two lovers to be with each other. Near the end where the plan had to be done perfectly or everything would go wrong, the Friar had ran away after seeing that Romeo had come too early and killed himself and the whole situation was a total disaster. The Friar wanted to protect his reputation and went off, Saint Francis by my speed! How oft tonight have my old feet stumbld at graves! The Friar has realised that the plan was going wrong and when he found out that Romeo had got there earlier he knew the whole thing was over. At first he blamed himself for being slow but he knew Romeo had come too early. He then ran away and left the two in the vault, this situation is similar to what both Romeo and Juliets parents have done from the start by not caring for them. Lord and Lady Montague are not really seen in play, as much so there are not many problems with their parenting. The main failure between Romeo and his parents is the lack of communication, as they do not really communicate with each other as much as they should, Pursud my humour, not pursuing, and gladly shunnd who gladly fled from me from this Lord Montague can see he has no real chance of communication with his son as he does not understand his problem and does not know how to deal with it. This lack of communication has been a downfall in Romeos relationship with his parents. Lord and Lady Montague have love for Romeo and do care for him but the problem with them is that they do not know how to express their love and how to give him advice like normal parents and fell grief after Romeo dies. Grief of my sons exile hath stoppd her breath. After Romeo was dead Lord and Lady Montague were grieving over Romeos death as their only son was dead. This situation was too much for Lady Montague to handle and she died too, this showed how much she really loved her son and how much she did care. This is much like Lady Capulet who also loves her daughter but she does not know how to express this. Lady Capulet shows her love to Juliet when she shows her grief toward her death, O me, O me, my child, my only life! Revive, look up, or I will die with thee. This shows Lady Capulets grief over her only child, she has shown how much she loved her child, as she was the only child she had. Lady Capulet mainly wants Juliet to have money so she does not struggle in life, so she wanted her to marry Paris, as he was wealthy. This is the only thing she wanted for Juliet and not for the love. The gallant, young, and noble gentlemen, The county Paris, at Saint Peters Church,Shall happily make thee there a joyful bride. Lady Capulet has surprised Juliet by telling her about the wedding being so soon Lady Capulet did not realise that Juliet was not ready and she had rushed things forward too quickly. The language she uses with Juliet is formal compared to the way Juliet talks to the Nurse which is not formal, Tell me daughter Juliet, How stands your dispositions to be married? , She has come up to Juliet to talk about the marriage as she did want to know about who she loved but it does not matter to Lady Capulet, as she wanted to marry Juliet to Paris. She did not really interact with her daughter as much as a mother should; this is what keeps them apart and does not give them a good relationship. This makes Juliet feel unwanted and she feels there is no one there for her and ends up going to the Nurse and Friar when she needed help. Lady Capulet relies on Lord Capulet to take care of all the preparation of the wedding and so she does not worry about anything. Like Lady Capulet, Lord Capulet is not a good parent, as he does not have a good relationship with his daughter. He only likes his daughter when she listens to him, and everything is fine but if she were to disobey him then he will get angry and show all his anger in his violence. I tell thee what: get thee to church a Thursday, Or never after look me in the face. Speak not, reply not, do not answer me! He has left her a place where she is forced to marry Paris or she will lose the chance to see her father ever again. This has really made her feel sorrow and she feels like there is no one for her, this gives her the decision of suicide as she has no reason to be alive. As he has forced her to marry Paris, she knows she cannot as she has already married Romeo. Romeo and Juliet were star-crossed lovers and their only fall was fate. Fate is something, which they or nobody can control and led them to their eventual death. When Friar John could not deliver the message fate was the cause of this and the plan ended up going wrong. I believe that the most inadequate parent was Lady Capulet as she did not know how to show her love towards Juliet and did not know what Juliet wanted. She made Juliet feel unwanted and like no one was there for her to be looked out for. The Nurse was the main carer for Juliet and she was the only one who showed her love towards her and used her wisdom to look out for her. As soon as the situation got out of hand then the Nurse betrayed her and left Juliet on her own. Romeos parents were not capable to look after him as they did not know what he wanted, leading him to go to the Friar. The Friar was the only person who cared and wanted to help Romeo. When the plan went wrong the Friar was left on a predicament as Romeo had come to early and he saw both of them dead, as he was afraid of the consequences and decided to run away and left them to lie.

What extent is Psychopathy a disorder of empathy

What extent is Psychopathy a disorder of empathy Current literature seats a lack of empathy as one of the most distinguishing symptoms of psychopathy (APA, 1994). Commonly found amongst the factor one items of diagnostic criteria, it is valued as part of the core psychopathic personality; essential to understanding the disorder (Kantor 2006). It is, for example both common and plausible to attribute the recidivistic violation of social, moral and legal norms (characteristic to psychopathy) to a distinct lack of empathy. Paradoxically, individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are also claimed to lack empathy, yet the discrepancies between the disorders (psychopathy and ASD) raise questions as to whether such claims are fully justified. Some of these discrepancies include (a) the inability to form attachments in psychopathy versus the ability to do so in ASD (b) Amorality in psychopathy vs. a degree of morality in ASD (Frith de Vignemont 2007) (c) Sadistic, premeditated and inexcusable antisocial behaviour in pyshcopathy vs. innocent and excusable antisocial behaviour in ASD (Hansman Hummelen 2006). This essay will explore the great extent to which Psychopathy (compared to ASD) reflects a significant disorder of empathy. It will selectively and briefly address (a) the role of empathy in typically developed individuals (b) the definition of empathy and the type of empathic deficits present in Psychopathic and ASD populations (c) Empathic dysfunction as an essential determinant of psychopathic tendencies. Empathy is said to be the cornerstone of morality; central to the development and maintenance of friendships and romantic relationships. The ability to understand another persons perspective and share in their emotional state (Baron- Cohen 2003) puts constraints on impulsivity, inhibits violent and aggressive behaviour and hence strengthens sociability (Stoff, Breiling Maser 1997). Simultaneously the absence of empathy produces adverse/opposite effects (stoff et al 1997), most of which (in its entirety) are manifest in Psychopaths .Empathy has not escaped the common setback of being defined and used in an range of ways by an range of authors (Hoffman, 1987) but for the purpose of this essay, empathy will be acknowledged in terms of its cognitive, affective (and motor) components. The cognitive component of Empathy encompasses Theory of mind or mind reading, which entails the capacity to understand another persons feelings and take their perspective (Baron- Cohen 2008 pg 62). Interestingly, Psychopaths do, to a certain extent possess the ability to understand the feelings and perspective of others, in fact they must do: to be so successfully manipulative. Consistent with this, Psychopaths are unimpaired on measures of theory of mind, even when tested on the Advanced theory of mind test (Blair 2005).They are superb mind readers enabling them to deceive and swindle other people( Frith 2003) as well as mimic empathy for their own gain (motor empathy). Dangerously mistaken for being charming, likable and a great success with the ladies (Cleckely), psychopaths possess skills (if I may call it that) to superficially blend into society and cognitively identify (not emotionally) with the perspective of others. At this superficial level of interaction and continuous ma sking of sanity, psychopaths can never form genuine attachments : empathic deficits result in self centeredness ,disregard for others emotions , impulsivity, behavioural problems and a lack of remorse; confirmed by an inability to sustain long term relationships, parasitic lifestyle and promiscuous sexual behaviour (Hare 1991). Autistic individuals however, differ from psychopaths on both cognitive and behavioural levels (Rogers, Vidina, Blair, Frith Happe 1997). They lack theory of mind profoundly, have difficulty in interpreting /predicting the intentions, behaviour and thoughts of others (Frith 2003) and therefore cannot socially interact, even on the superficial level that psychopaths do. The observed lack of empathic behaviours in ASD may be attributed to the inability to mentalize or correctly evaluate social situations (e.g. distress in others), resulting in antisocial behaviour (e.g. social withdrawal,) misinterpreted as uncaring (Rogers et al 1997). According to Blair (1999), once autistic individuals are aware of others mental states, appropriate emotional responses are given. Autistic individuals can also form strong attachments to caregivers (Sigman Capps 1997). There is no cognitive empathic deficit in psychopathy; only the manipulation of their intact form, to their own ends. The antisocial b ehaviour (comprising factor two of diagnosis) is often premeditated, exploitative and repetitive (Hansmen Hummelen 2006); indicative of a Psychopaths inability to empathise with the emotional impact on their victims. Psychopaths lack the emotional component of empathy which is defined as an affective response more appropriate to someone elses situation than to ones own (Hoffman, 1987: p.48). However, through manipulation of cognitive empathy, psychopaths are able to exercise motor empathy in order to substantiate and disguise the reality that they are without emotional empathy. This lack of emotional empathy equates to the inability to connect emotionally with ones perspective, thus producing impaired/inappropriate responses as a result. Psychopaths have selectively impaired emotional processing (Hare 1991); (relative to controls) they show significantly reduced autonomic responses to expression of fear and sadness as well as aversive events (Blair 1999). Supporting evidence is the dysfunction (hypo activation and reduced volumes) of the amgydala (key in emotional processing) and orbio frontal cortex observed in Psychopathic populations. Autistic individuals however, show physiological responses to others distress, indicative of intact emotional empathy, possibly accounting for their ability to distinguish between moral and conventional rules whilst psychopaths cannot (Blair 2005). Impairments in emotional empathy predispose Psychopaths to the characteristics that are the bedrock of the disorder e.g. Shallow affect, callousness, behavioural problems, and lack of guilt, and the extent to which this is true become magnified when Psychopathy is compared to ASD. Without Depreciating the cognitive, social and emotional deficits present in ASD; autistic individuals are loveable and respond to love, affection, fear and anxiety (Quinn Quinn 2006 pp), suggesting emotional empathy may not require the ability mentalize. Critically speaking, Psychopathic tendencies do reflect biologically predisposed deviances in emotion, personality traits and behaviour and may stem from an array of (other) deficits in e.g. (a) processing of general emotions but specifically negative affect , (b) passive avoidance learning , (c) behavioural inhibition , and (d) violence inhibition mechanisms (Herve Yuille 2007). Yet although investigators place varied emphasis on individual deficits, emp athic dysfunction has its (cause or effect) role to play in many of them. Appreciating the unlikelihood for any one explanation, of any disorder to suffice; we conclude on the note that psychopathy is a disorder of empathy to a very great extent; yet not without additional and intermingling deficits.

Exhaust EmissionsTask 3 P4Petrol and diesel engines work in slightly :: Design and Technology

Exhaust EmissionsTask 3 P4Petrol and diesel engines work in slightly different ways and burn different fuels, so they produce different exhausts Petrol and diesel engines work in slightly different ways and burn different fuels, so they produce different exhausts. Compared with petrol engines, diesel engines produce smaller amounts of unburnt and partially burnt fuel but can produce more nitrogen oxides and large amounts of smoke. These particles consist of soot, hydrocarbons, sulphur-based chemicals and volatile organic compounds. Heavy duty diesel vehicles, such as trucks, can be very polluting because they produce large amounts of particulates and nitrogen oxides. Diesel exhaust has also been shown to be a probable cause of cancer. WHAT ARE DIESEL ENGINE EXHAUST EMISSIONS? Cold Start Emissions - Starting and driving a vehicle the first few minute’s results in higher emissions because the emissions control equipment has not yet reached its optimal operating temperature. Running Emissions - Pollutants are emitted from the vehicle's exhaust during driving and idling after the vehicle is warmed up. Diesel engine exhaust emissions are a mixture of gases, vapors, liquid aerosols and substances made up of particles. They contain the products of combustion including: * carbon * nitrogen * water * carbon monoxide * aldehydes * nitrogen dioxide * sulphur dioxide * Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons The carbon particle or soot content varies from 60% to 80% depending on the fuel used and the type of engine. Most of the contaminants are adsorbed onto the soot. Petrol engines produce more carbon monoxide but much less soot than diesel engines. WHAT FACTORS AFFECT THE COMPOSITION OF DIESEL FUMES? * the quality of diesel fuel used; * the type of engine, e.g. standard, turbo or injector; * the state of engine tuning; * the fuel pump setting; * the workload demand on the engine; * the engine temperature; * Whether the engine has been regularly maintained. WHAT DOES THE COLOUR OF THE SMOKE PRODUCED INDICATE? Smoke is the product of combustion. Vehicles at a workplace may produce three kinds of smoke, two of which indicate engine problems. The three types are: * Blue smoke (mainly oil and unburnt fuel). This indicates that the vehicle has been poorly serviced and/or a tuned engine * Black smoke (soot, oil and unburnt fuel). This indicates there is a mechanical fault with the engine * White smoke (water droplets and unburnt fuel) which is produced when the engine is started from cold and disappears when the engine warms up Exhaust fumes are just one of the ways CO2 adds to climate change Not only do vehicles cause localised air pollution, they are also responsible for a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.

The Systematic Study of Organizational Behavior

A country's culture is the conventional behavior of a society that constitutes beliefs, customs, knowledge, and practices. Evidently, it influences human behavior, even though it is rare that it enters into their conscious thought. People depend on culture as it gives them stability, security, understanding, and the ability to respond to a given situation. Culture complements their well-being. This is why people fear change. They fear the system will become unstable, their security will be lost, they will not understand the new process, and they will not know how to respond to the new situations (Knoster, Villa ; Thousand, 2000). The organization's base depends on a company' philosophy, values, vision and goals. A company's mission and vision are its very core. This, in turn, drives the organizational culture, which is composed of the formal organization, informal organization, and the social environment. A country's culture determines the type of leadership, communication, and group dynamics within the organization. The workers perceive this as the quality of work life, which directs their degree of motivation. The final outcomes are performance, individual satisfaction, and personal growth and development. All these elements combine to build the archetype or framework that the organization operates from. A social system is a complex set of human relationships interacting in many ways. Within an organization, the social system includes all the people in it and their relationships to each other and to the outside world. The behaviors that come about within organizations are of utmost concern and importance. Studying these behaviors may help the consumers to comprehend why some sales agents or employees are able to introduce and sell their products and services with efficiency and effectiveness (cited in Johns, 1988). Also, the social system does not have boundaries. It exchanges goods, ideas, culture, etc. with the environment around it (cited in Knoster, Villa ; Thousand, 2000). A matter like this could become quite a balancing act. Individualism favors individual rights, loosely knit social networks, self-respect, and personal rewards and careers. One aspect begets another aspect, which is why it is integrated in nature.   Socialization or collectivism favors the group, harmony, and asks â€Å"What is best for the organization?† Organizations need people to challenge, question, and experiment while still maintaining the culture that binds them into a social system (Knoster, Villa ; Thousand, 2000). Autocratic – The basis of this model is power with a managerial orientation of authority. The employees in turn are oriented towards obedience and dependence on the boss. The employee need that is met is subsistence. The performance result is minimal. Custodial – The basis of this model is economic resources with a managerial orientation of money. The employees in turn are oriented towards security and benefits and dependence on the organization. The employee need that is met is security. The performance result is passive cooperation. Supportive – The basis of this model is leadership with a managerial orientation of support. The employees in turn are oriented towards job performance and participation. The employee need that is met is status and recognition. The performance result is awakened drives. Collegial – The basis of this model is partnership with a managerial orientation of teamwork. The employees in turn are oriented towards responsible behavior and self-discipline. The employee need that is met is self-actualization. The performance result is moderate enthusiasm. Individualization is when employees successfully exert influence on the social system by challenging the culture: Less socialization and too little individualization create isolation. More socialization and too little individualization create conformity. Less socialization and too high individualization creates rebellion. While the match that organizations want to create is high socialization and high individualization for a creative environment. This is what it takes to survive in a very competitive environment having people grow with the organization, but doing the right thing when others want to follow the easy path (Knoster, Villa ; Thousand, 2000). Compensation as a motivational factor Many companies mistakenly assume that what works for one organization will work well for all organizations. Companies often attempt to create incentive programs without thinking in detail about how each program feature will best suit their targeted audience. Providing pie and ice-cream when employees desire flexible work hours, paid time off, training, or the ability to work from home is an example of a negative incentive. To facilitate the creation of a profitable program, every feature must be tailored to the participants’ interests. A successful incentive program requires clearly defined rules, suitable rewards, efficient communication strategies, and measurable success metrics. By adapting each element of the program to fit the target audience, companies are better able to engage program participants and enhance the overall program effectiveness (â€Å"Incentive†). An incentive program represents a substantial investment to most organizations. Receiving a sufficient return on that investment requires the full participation of the program participants. Incentive programs are based upon the concept that effort increases as people perceive themselves progressing towards their goal. In â€Å"The Art of Motivation: An Incentive Industry Primer,† the Incentive Marketing Association ties incentive programs to the psychological equation: Ability x Motivation = Performance. In order to properly motivate, programs must be designed to offer a variation of products and services to program participants based on their unique interests and diverse needs. Successful programs need to carefully develop their reward methods to keep participants eager to approach a new goal once they have achieved a reward (â€Å"Incentive†). In order to create an effective program, organizations must keep the overall objective in mind when considering program design and implementation. Objectives should be formed based on the organizations overall goals and should be straightforward and specific so participants clearly understand the expectations. Program objectives can vary depending on the needs of each individual organization. They must be challenging, yet achievable. If objectives are viewed as unattainable, the program will be destined for failure. Management By Objectives is crucial for a company to achieve progress and success in order to manage the company in an objective manner. With this in mind, Companies have set various standard order procedures for employees. Managers are always at the forefront of this matter. Objectives may include motivating employees, recognizing performance, persuading customers to make a purchase, or even reinforcing a marketing message. Once the program's goals have been determined, every aspect of the program must be measured against this goal in order to ensure the programs success in goal achievement. Whenever successful, objectives should provide measurable results allowing the organization to monitor performance and measure the overall success of the program. References Borne, P.A. (February 21, 2007). Organizational Behavior. Retrieved December 12, 2007 from http://www.wincustomize.com/articles.aspx?aid=144899&c=1. Incentive Marketing Association. The Art of Motivation: An Incentive Industry Primer. Retrieved December 12, 2007, from   http://incentivemarketing.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=51. Knoster, T., Villa, K.T., & Thousand, J. (2000). Restructuring for Caring and Effective Education: Piecing the Puzzle Together. A Framework For Thinking About Systems Change. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. Johns, G. (2004). Organizational Behavior: Understanding and Managing Life at Work 6th Edition. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.   

English Extension Crime Speech- Agatha Christie Essays

English Extension Crime Speech- Agatha Christie Essays English Extension Crime Speech- Agatha Christie Paper English Extension Crime Speech- Agatha Christie Paper Speech Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller was born on the 15th September in Torquay England, in 1890. From a young age, Christie loved writing stories for her friends and family, her first novel â€Å"The Mysterious Affair at Styles† was published in 1920, when Christie was only thirty years old. Christie was of British nationality, and married twice in her lifetime, first to Archibald Christie, then later to Max Mallowan until her death on the 12th January 1976 in Wallingford, England. Christie accomplished many significant literary achievements in her lifetime, including: * The Mystery Writers of America Grand Master award 1955 * An honorary degree from Exeter University1961 * Became president of The British Detection Club in 1967 * And in 1971 she received England’s highest honor, the Order of the British Empire, Dame Commander. From her first novel, â€Å"The mysterious Affair at Styles† in 1920, her novels increasedin mystery and suspense, introducing two new detectives: Miss Jane Marple and Hercule Poirot, who featured in almost all of her later novels. Witness for the Prosecution† 1925, â€Å"the A. B. C Murders† 1936 and â€Å"The Pale Horse† 1961 are just three of Christie’s seventy-nine novels significant in shaping her growing identity as a Crime Fiction author. Many of Christie’s novels were shaped around her own personal experiences. These include â€Å"Murder on The Orient Express† 1934 and â€Å" Death on The Nile†. Having knowledge of the setting as well as the history of the location where the novel is set adds extensive authenticity to the novel. Christie’s novels were written in the â€Å"Golden Age† and were considered â€Å"cosy† crime fiction. Significant events took place before and during Christie’s writing that may have influenced her perception of the crime genre. Specific wars or war-like events such as World War I, World War II, The Korean War and the Civil War in Lebanon may have introduced new ideas into the crime fiction genre. One of Christie’s novels, â€Å"Murder on The Orient Express† had foundations of real events, such as the kidnapping of the Armstrong baby is 1932, just before the novel was written. Such events also add to the authenticity of the novel. The crash of the stock market in 1929 brought many hardships to society, and many authors such as Christie were forced to cease work due to the effects of the Great Depression, such as a significant decrease in availability of resources and hardly anyone having any money to purchase the novels anyway. As history evolved, so did new ideas about society. The fifties were a time of peacemaking, with segregation rules illegal in the United Stated in 1954, and the peace symbol created in 1958. This idea of peace keeping was abruptly interrupted in 1963 when JFK was assassinated. Although assassinations were not a new thing, the juxtaposition of JFK’s introduced new ideas into the crime genre. Crime fiction has changed rapidly overtime, from cosy to realist to hard-boiled, and everything in between. Edgar Allan Poe was one of the greatest crime writers of all time, influencing the crime-genre for centuries with his novels â€Å"The murders in the Rue Morgue† in 1841 and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† in 1843. Agatha Christie’s â€Å"Murder on the Orient Express† 1934 introduced Hercule Poirot, the detective in many of her later novels. Poirot is described as an intellectual, witty detective who pays extremely close attention to minor details of the crime. â€Å"Murder On The Orient Express† describes the murder of Mr Ratchett, stabbed twelve times, all stab wounds seeming to be delivered with different forces. The situation of the crime is revealed in chapter five of the novel; the morning after Poirot hears loud noises coming from Mr. Ratchett’s compartment. M. Bouc, another detective-like character on the train, informs Poirot not only that the train had stopped in the middle of the night due to a snowstorm, but also â€Å"†¦ a passenger lies dead in his berth†¦ stabbed. Poirot is sickened but not surprised, as Mr. Ratchett was informing Poirot the previous day that his life was in danger, and that he had many enemies. The reader is left guessing as to why he had enemies, why he got murdered, and by whom. This draws suspicion upon the twelve passengers on the carriage, and Mr. Ratchett as to if he was unjustly murdered, or if he was in fact a criminal. The introduction to the detective is very significant to the novel. Poirot notices that the train is particularly crowded for the time of year. The clues soon follow. Poirot overhears a conversation between two passengers, Miss Debenham and Colonal Arbuthnot â€Å"Not now. Not now. When its all over. When its behind us- then- . † Drawing suspicion on the relationship between these characters. A woman ion a scarlet kimono is seen walking down the corridor after the murder, a button from one of the conductors is found on the floor of Mrs. Hubbards compartment, as well as a bloody knife in her sponge bag. Mrs. Hibbard also claims that she witnessed the murderer in her berth. A handkerchief with the initial â€Å"H† and a pipe cleaner were found in Mr. Ratchet’s compartment, as well as a burned note with the name â€Å"Cassetti† on it, as well as a sleeping draught dissolved in a glass of water on sink. These clues suggest a clumsy murder, but Poirot believes it was a very organized crime. The investigation of the crime proves that the crime was highly sophisticated and thought out. Poirot discovers the false identities of many of the passengers such as Countess Andryeni or â€Å"Helena Goldenberg†. The elimation of clues assisted in the investigation of the crime, as many â€Å"clues† were found to be distractions such as the woman in the scarlet kimono. Mr Ratchett was found to be a criminal and had many enemies, as his real name was Cassetti, the leader of the gang that kidnapped and murdered Daisy Armstrong, the daughter of Sonia and Colonel Armstrong. The investigation led to the discovery that all twelve passengers were the criminals, and may of them hid their identities so Poirot would not be able to link them to the murder of Cassetti. Poirot found twelve stab wounds on the Vitim, all delivered with different force, and there happened to be twelve passengers on the carriage where Mr. Ratchettt was murdered. Through inspection of the stab wounds, Poirot and his team discovered that every stab wound was delivered by a different person. This proved Poirot’s theory that all twelve passengers were responsible for the crime and were each somehow connected to Daisy Armstrong. Hector MacQueen was Ratchett’s secretary, and devoted to Sonia Armstrong. MacQueens father was the attorney for the kidnapping case of Daisy Armstrong. He knew from his father the details of Cassettis escape from justice. Masterman was Ratchett valet, and was Colonel Armstrongs soldier during the war. Colonel Arbuthnot was Colonel Armstrongs best friend. Mrs. Hubbard in actuality was Linda Arden, the most famous tragic actress of the New York stage, and was Sonia Armstrongs mother and Daisys grandmother Countess Andrenyi or Helena Goldenberg was Sonia Armstrongs sister; Count Andryeni was the husband of Helena Andrenyi; Princess Natalia Dragomiroff was Sonia Armstrongs godmother as she was a friend of her mother; Miss Mary Debenham was Sonia Armstrongs secretary and Daisy Armstrongs governess; Fraulein Hildegarde Schmidt, Princess Dragomiroffs maid, was the Armstrong familys cook; Antonio Foscarelli, a car salesman, was the Armstrong familys chauffeur; Miss Greta Ohlsson, was Daisy Armstrongs nurse; Pierre Michel, the train conductor, was the father of Susanne, the Armstrongs nursemaid who committed suicide; Cyrus Hardman, a private detective ostensibly retained as a bodyguard by Ratchett/Cassetti, was a policeman in love with Susanne.